2015初中英語語法大全(34)

③表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)時,時間狀語有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)

④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)

⑤have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過那里三次。)

⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞。具體變化見下表：

[注意] 在其它的時態(tài)中也存在類似問題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

(7) 過去完成時  過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是“過去的過去”。

①過去完成時由“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。

②過去完成時時間狀語有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for…或since…構(gòu)成的時間狀語。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經(jīng)走掉了)

③過去完成時常用于賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠)