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對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)
對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”，語(yǔ)氣非�？隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň�，“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思為“也許、或許”表示推測(cè)的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑問(wèn)句;對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思為“不可能/可能沒(méi)做過(guò)……”;對(duì)過(guò)去的疑問(wèn)推測(cè)只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思為“可能已經(jīng)……”。
例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
分析：根據(jù)后一分句判斷，前一分句應(yīng)該表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定是”，語(yǔ)氣非�？隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň�。答案為B。
例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
分析：must表推測(cè)時(shí)，不用于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思為“不可能做過(guò)……”。故答案為A。
例18：--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情的否定推測(cè)，意思為“現(xiàn)在不可能走遠(yuǎn)了”;答案為C。
三、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的虛擬用法
例19：—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的責(zé)備或遺憾應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have + v-ed”，據(jù)此可排除答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，含有責(zé)備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。故答案為D。
例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來(lái)能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有能力而沒(méi)能做成。該句意思為：“他花錢(qián)買(mǎi)了座位，而他本來(lái)可以免費(fèi)進(jìn)去的”。答案為A。
例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. will D. might
分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示責(zé)備，后一分句則表明有被魚(yú)吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來(lái)有可能做成某事但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有某種可能性但沒(méi)能做成。
例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事，無(wú)批評(píng)責(zé)備之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠炅�。答案為B。
準(zhǔn)備建議
掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 的關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)要認(rèn)真比較每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，注意其細(xì)微差別，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異;熟悉每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的適用場(chǎng)合，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，如用于推測(cè)時(shí)，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用 于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問(wèn)句中;牢記情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法，尤其是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的推測(cè);積累虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，尤其是一些句勢(shì)和特殊 情況。
06年展望
隨著高考命題改革的深入，命題的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎樣變化，還是脫離不了詞的基本詞義、詞與詞在使用上的細(xì)微差別和基本的語(yǔ)法框架。通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)的分析、探究，可以看出高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查非常穩(wěn)定，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和推測(cè)用法。高考考點(diǎn)的 “穩(wěn)定性”告訴我們：高考英語(yǔ)命題是有規(guī)律的，不僅有規(guī)律，而且有很強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性。在復(fù)習(xí)迎考過(guò)程中，不僅要認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備書(shū)本上成百上千的知識(shí)點(diǎn)(這是基礎(chǔ))，但更重要的還要去研究歷屆高診斷題中的重要考點(diǎn)(這是捷徑)，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)透視
練兵場(chǎng)
1. Has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?
A. can B. willl C. may D. shall
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have
been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You ____ somebody.
A. might hurt B. could have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
11.—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?
—I haven’t decided yet. I ______ go home, but it depends on the weather.
A. must B. need C. may D. will
12. This couple had been separated twenty years, you _____imagine how happy they were when they met again.
A. might B. will C. can D. must
13. We ______last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
14. She _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.
A. might B. must C. will D. should
15. -–Well done, Tom!
-- Thanks, but given me more time, I ___ it much better.
A. shouldn’t have done B. should have done
C. might not do D. could have done
1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DDBBD 11-15CCCCD
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