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(3)有些詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞亦可接動(dòng)詞不定式,但意義不同,如stop, remember, forget, neglect, omit, dislike, detests,
begin, continue, start, regret, intend, attempt, propose等。例如:
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking. (talking 是賓語(yǔ),指停止講話這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
When the teacher came in, the students stopped to talk. (to talk是目的狀語(yǔ),指停下前一動(dòng)作來(lái)進(jìn)行talk)
Remember, forget doing something (指已做過(guò)的事)
Remember, forget to do something (指未做過(guò)的事)
2.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在用法上的區(qū)別
(1)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。分詞往往表示它所修飾的詞所做的動(dòng)作,即邏輯主語(yǔ)是它所修飾的詞;動(dòng)名詞往往表示與它所修飾的詞有關(guān)的
動(dòng)作,即所修飾的詞不能充當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如:
the raging storm (= the storm that is raging) (狂暴的風(fēng)雨)(分詞)
scorching heat (= heat that is scorching) (炙人的熱氣)(分詞)
sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) (動(dòng)名詞)
working method (= method of working)(動(dòng)名詞)
(2)作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)保持它的形容詞特征,動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)保持它的名詞特征。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)?膳c主語(yǔ)互換位置,分詞則不行。例如:
The novel is interesting. ( 現(xiàn)在分詞)
My job is teaching English. (動(dòng)名詞)
(3)作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。分詞具有副詞特征,可以直接用作狀語(yǔ);動(dòng)名詞不具有副詞特征,不能單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ),只有與介詞結(jié)合時(shí)才能作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
1) Hearing the news, they immediately set off for the station. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))
2) Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))
3) After finishing his homework, he went to the reading-room. (動(dòng)名詞與介詞一起作狀語(yǔ)) 4) On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table. (動(dòng)名詞與介詞一起作狀語(yǔ)) 3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
動(dòng)詞不定式只說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,而分詞則說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:
1)Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. (在那時(shí),他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在隔壁房間里唱歌。)
2)Just then he heard someone singing in the next room. (在那時(shí),他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人正在隔壁房間里唱歌。)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
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