初二英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法概述(3)

　　Have 的兩種特殊句型

　　have是英語(yǔ)中較活躍的動(dòng)詞之一，它與不同的詞搭配表示不同的意思。如：have a meeting(開(kāi)會(huì))，have a rest(休息)，have a class(上課)等。你可知道have構(gòu)成的兩種特殊句型嗎?不看不知道，一看就明了。

　　1.have+賓語(yǔ)+省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式

　　該句型中作主語(yǔ)的"人或物"讓作賓語(yǔ)的"人或物"去做某事。此時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)與省略to的不定式(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：I would have you buy a new bike. 我想讓你買輛新自行車。We can't have the car stop. 我們無(wú)法讓汽車停下來(lái)。

　　2.have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞

　　該句型中作主語(yǔ)的"人或物"讓作賓語(yǔ)的"人或物"被……。此時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.

　　我明天要理發(fā)。They have just had their car repaired.他們剛找人把車修理了一下。

　　注意：大多數(shù)情況下，這兩種句型之間可以互換。如：

　　1)He had me wash the table cloth.→He had the table cloth washed.

　　2) The man had the bike mended.→ The man had someone mend the bike.

　　訓(xùn)練：根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。

　　1.你應(yīng)該找人建一座房子。

　　You should have someone_____a house. You should have a house_____.

　　2.現(xiàn)在我們請(qǐng)下一位演講者到前面來(lái)。 Now we'll have the next speaker_____to the front.

　　3.你必須讓人把這些書(shū)送到教室去。

　　You must have these books_____ to the classroom

　　Do 的四作用

　　動(dòng)詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字："做"實(shí)義，助動(dòng)詞，替前文，強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

　　作用一：實(shí)義do

　　do作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式，還有及物、不及物之分。如：

　　1. vt. "做;研究;整理;完成"。如：

　　①The old man does an hour of sport every day.

　　②She did her homework at home last night.

　�、跰other was doing the cooking when I reached home.

　�、蹾ave you done the exercises yet?

　　2. vi. "行動(dòng);工作;進(jìn)展;足夠"。如：

　�、貹ate does very well in her Chinese.

　�、贖ow do you do?

　　③Well done!

　�、躎hat will do.

　　作用二：助動(dòng)do

　　do作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只有do, does, did三種形式，無(wú)詞義，限用于含行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：

　�、賂hey don't have any tickets for tonight's concert.

　�、贙ate stayed at home last night, didn't she?

　�、跦ow many books does the library have?

　�、躍he doesn't do the washing in the evening.

　　作用三：替代do

　　為避免動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)，使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動(dòng)詞。如：

　　①Tom runs much faster than you do.

　�、�-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?

　　-Sure. I'll do it right away.

　�、�-Who broke the cup?

　　-Mimi did.

　�、�-I like bananas.

　　-So does he.

　　作用四：語(yǔ)氣do

　　為突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句中，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：

　�、貲o be careful.

　�、贒on't tell a lie.

　�、跦e did come.

　�、�-You often go to the park.

　　-So we do.

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